Generally, slab on grade are classified into three types. The term concrete refers to a mixture of aggregates, usually sand. Concrete pad construction notes 1 the concrete shall meet the provisions of astm c94. The steel reinforcement used in the concrete can be in the form of rods, bars or in the form of meshes. Wolff construction company, which operates outside packer.
Concrete 3 construction joints shall be made with the end of each pour shall have a minimum compressive strength of 3,000 psi at 28 days, perpendicular to the finished surface of the concrete. Are precast planksslabs considered architectural or structural. Such corrective work on slabs ongrade may take the form of grinding, depressionandretopping, or removalandreplacement. Traditional types of concrete have a low tensile capacity and the application of reinforcement. Properly designed and constructed concrete slabs have controlled cracking which poses little problem for tile when using composeal gold for. If allowed to harden in this condition, the concrete will be porous and poorly bonded to the reinforcement. Concrete free of cracks this kind of concrete is rare. Thus, flexural design may start with selecting a relatively low steel ratio, say about 0. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing concrete building block and brick from a combination of cement and aggregate, including architecture block concrete, concrete and cinder blocks, concrete brick, concrete paving block, and plinth blocks.
Concrete that is cast in place in its mould is called castinsitu concrete. Estimating the economic quantities of different concrete slab types. In addition to normal concrete, other varieties in use are, high strength and high performance concrete, self compacting, light weight, high density, fibre reinforced, polymer, coloured concrete etc. Once you finish studying the above course content, you need to take a quiz to obtain the pdh credits. In the winter, the cold makes the concrete contract, and since theres a space in between the slabs, nothing destructive will happen. Concrete floor slabs employing portland cement, regardless of slump, will start to. This notes include design are you a civil engineering students looking for lecture notes for reinforced. The application of doublecurved precast concrete elements for the. Cement type 12 safety data sheet according to the hazard communication standard cfr29 1910. Concrete slab types construction, cost, and applications. These four python scripts components are used to combine all input.
Snyder paved the blocklong street on the four sides of the bellefontaine, ohio courthouse and it wasnt until 1960 that obsolescence and progress dictated covering the pavement with a topping that would. Concrete is by definition a composite material consisting essentially of a binding medium and aggregate particles, and it can take many forms. Jun 22, 2009 new type of concrete could last 16,000 years and reduce worldwide co2 emissions strong, light nanoengineered concrete in development at mit could accomplish onefifth of the kyoto protocol goal. New type of concrete could last 16,000 years and reduce. Such corrective work on slabsongrade may take the form of grinding, depressionandretopping, or removalandreplacement. Concrete can be made from local resources and processed near a jobsite.
While making structural drawings of the reinforced concrete slab, the slabs are abbreviated to r. After the concrete has cured and attained sufficient strength, the concrete panels are raised into place. Pdf cement types, composition, uses and advantages of. Concrete basicsaddresses the needs of unskilled and semiskilled persons undertaking general concreting projects including home and handyman projects. Pdf the economy of the structural design of reinforced concrete. Cip 3 crazing concrete surfaces why do concrete surfaces craze. Introduction to concrete portland cement association. Concrete with a compressive strength of 40mpa 5,800 psi is called high strength concrete. Studies of continuous reinforced concrete slabs under. Types and causes of concrete deterioration portland cement. Design of various types of slabs and their reinforcement.
It can arise also from calculations or by comparisons with similar build. Curing is defined as maintenance of a satisfactory moisture content and temperature in the concrete for a period of time immediately following placing and finishing so that the desired properties may develop. Cement and concrete research 41 2011 30 38 surface was carried out with a timestep of 0. Stamped concrete is an architectural concrete that has a superior surface finish. Special types of concrete portland cement association. Three types of joints are commonly used in concrete slabs onground. In addition to normal concrete, other varieties in use are, high strength and high performance concrete, self compacting, light weight, high. Although concrete is a very strong building material, it does have its limits. Concrete members that are cast in a concrete factory and then shipped to site are called precast concrete.
The anchorage of rc is generated by four types of rebarconcrete bonding 16. These cracks are rarely more than 1 8 inch 3 mm deep and are more noticeable on steeltroweled surfaces. There are different types of concrete slabs, and different types of reinforcing used in slabs. Screed is a concrete material generally we use 20mm aggregate in concrete whereas in screed we use baby chips small broken stones as aggregates. Special types of concrete are those with outoftheordinary properties or those produced by unusual techniques.
When you see a crack in your concrete slab or wall, your first. Concrete that is formed by adding glass fibers to traditional stone, cement, and water in the mixing process. General specifications 11 concrete november 8, 1991 the city of new york. There are different types of concrete that are manufactured nowadays that are appropriate for different needs and applications. Additionally, my thanks go to the fellow students of the fifth floor of vertigo. Feb 04, 2008 concrete sidewalks are usually made of slabs of concrete with a space between them so that when the concrete expands or contracts, it wont crack the sidewalk. In the early 1880s a conscientious contractor named w. There are, however, m any variations of this procedure and a few are listed below. Concrete slabs and the use of the fnumber system an online. Ufc 332006a concrete floor slabs on grade subjected to. Industrial concrete slabs are used as paving in industrial buildings.
Performing organization name and address structures laboratory usae research and development center erdc 3909 halls ferry road vicksburg, ms 391806199 11. Answer to packer concrete company pours concrete slabs for singlefamily dwellings. Introduction to concrete concretess versatility, durability, sustainability, and economy have made it the worldss most widely used construction material. Download pdf, unknown this is very useful for the following examinations. Concrete sidewalks are usually made of slabs of concrete with a space between them so that when the concrete expands or contracts, it wont crack the sidewalk. Types of concrete general concrete general concrete is produced to british and european standards to guarantee high quality. The latter consists primarily of reinforcing with deformed steel bars rebar, that can be from 14 in. Studies on concrete slabs with stud reinforcement in the. He does not want concrete with a strength of between 2030 nmm2, which is a common misinterpretation in some parts of the world. Here you can find the rcc lecture notes in pdf file. Such corrective work on elevated slabs may take the form of grinding or depressionandretopping. The materials contained in the online course are not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of pdh center or any other personorganization named herein.
Each has a designed strength and minimum cement content. Ingeneral,crackingoftheslab causes a lack of homogeneity ofthe structure, thatisthe stiffnessof theslabvariesfromsection to section. Civil concrete technology lectures notes concrete definition in its simplest form, concrete is a mixture of paste and aggregates rocks. Run a bead of concrete epoxy on the face of the edge of the first concrete slab, above and below the dowels.
About four tons of concrete are produced per person per year worldwide and about 1. It is a fairly broad term that describes concretes that outperform normal, everyday concrete in one or more. Concrete ornaments, and lightweight concrete fills 6. The paste, composed essentially of portland cement and water, coats the surface of the fine small and coarse larger aggregates. Packer concrete company pours concrete slabs for s. All other slabs contained stud shear reinforcement with stud spacing equal to onehalf of the slab thickness in slabs 2, 4, 6a, and 8, and equal to slab thickness in slabs 3, 5, 7, and 9. Overview concrete is most vital material in modern construction. Properties of concrete while cement in one form or another has been around for centuries, the type we use was invented in 1824 in britain. What are the 16 different types of slabs in construction. Hollow core ribbed slabs have excellent span capabilities, achieving a capacity of 2. Csc as we know it today was formed in 1958 through the merger of three ready. Concrete 1 concrete a composite material that consists essentially of a binding medium, such as a mixture of portland cement and water, within which are embedded particlesorfragmentsofaggregate,usuallyacombination of. Concrete is by far the most versatile and most widely used construction material worldwide.
Lecture notes reinforced concrete structures part 1. Types of concrete cracks capitall building inspections. Different types of concrete are produced based on the constituent material, mix design, the method of construction, area of application, form of hydration reaction. Therefore, this primer produces a good consolidation of deteriorated concrete for rc. Thethe raw raw materialsmaterials of hac hac areare limestonelimestone andand bauxitebauxite containingcontaining. Slabs 8 and 9 had corner columns with dimensions 250 x 250 mm 10 x 10 in. Concrete is an ideal medium for recycling waste or industrial byproducts. Determining the performance of your project is primarily based on site preparation, rate of hydration, aggregate in the mix, and the ability to resist sulfate attack. Discussion on the reinforcement of reinforced concrete slab. Contractors engaged in concrete construction work are classified in division c, construction. Slabs are constructed to provide flat surfaces, usually horizontal, in building floors, roofs, bridges, and other types of structures. Column, wall, or whatever else the building consists of.
The occurrence is primarily due to differences in moisture. General specifications 11 concrete november 8, 1991 the city of new york bureau of water and sewer operations. In all cases, the particular method of correction to be employed shall be determined solely by the owner. Here below find the document for important 250 top reinforced concrete structures mcq questions study materials as pdf. Properly designed and constructed concrete slabs have controlled cracking which poses little problem for. Concrete slabs or panels are cast on smooth surfaces on the ground or on the previously placed concrete floor. Pdf cracks in plain and reinforced concrete posses a challenging to civil engineers from. Cut your expansion joint material with a box cutter so you can press two strips onto the concrete above and below the dowels the entire length of the edge. In high rises buildings and skyscrapers, thinner, precast concrete slabs are slung between the steel frames to form the floors and ceilings on each level. Dec 20, 2016 here below find the document for important 250 top reinforced concrete structures mcq questions study materials as pdf.
Pdf estimating the economic quantities of different concrete slab. Crazing is the development of a network of fine random cracks or fissures on the surface of concrete or mortar caused by shrinkage of the surface layer. Types of concrete cracks plastic settlement cracking small or fine cracks identified on a concrete slab are generally deemed acceptable as part of. Most cracks are caused by the shrinkage of the concrete mix as it cures. Details of these various types of concrete, their properties and applications are discussed. Properties of concrete concrete is an artificial conglomerate stone made essentially of portland cement, water, and aggregates. The slab may be supported by walls, by reinforced concrete beams usually cast monolithically wit.
Concrete basicsaims to provide a clear, concise explanation of all aspects of making quality concrete. From an environmental standpoint, concrete has a lot to offer the ingredients of concrete water, aggregate, and cement are abundant. There a 6 common types of concrete cracks each of which weve explained. It will have low strength, high permeab ility, and poor resistance to deterioration. The formulas and ingredients in different types of concrete vary to suit the condition and preference for specific construction designs. Through a series of chemical reactions called hydration, the paste hardens and gains strength to form the rocklike mass known.
This requires a small increase in the amount of steel used at the exterior support. Various types of rcc slabs civil engineering projects. After a concrete floor has been laid, floor hardeners can be pigmented are impregnated on the surface and a mold that may be textured to replicate a stone brick or even wood is stamped on to give an attractive textured surface finish. Concrete slabs and the use of the fnumber system once you finish studying the above course content, you need to take a quiz to obtain the pdh credits.
After a concrete floor has been laid, floor hardeners can be pigmented are impregnated on the surface and a mold that may be textured to replicate a stone brick or even wood is stamped on. Vertical shaft kilns were replaced with rotary kilns and ball mills were used for grinding cement. New type of concrete could last 16,000 years and reduce worldwide co2 emissions strong, light nanoengineered concrete in development at. Fiber reinforced concrete are concrete that use fibers steel fibers as reinforcement for the concrete. The factored shear force at a distance d from the face of the interior support is 283. They are most commonly used in foundations or domestic flooring.
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